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of the object he wishes to draw, for it is evident from the diagram we are proceeding to explain, that without a model of the object to be delineated, or its conceived counterpart, neither plan nor elevation of it could be obtained. This is one great reason why an earnest student of mechanical drawing should at this stage in his study possess himself of a convenient set of models of the solids enumerated in a previous paragraph, for no greater mistake can be made in the study of the "projection of solids" than that. of making a servile copy of any diagram or drawing to be found in text-books on this subject. With this slight digression which has been necessary in the interest of students of projection we proceed with the explanation of our diagram. The form and dimensions of the solid having been predetermined, and its position with respect to the VP and HP known, its E 50 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF projections plan and elevation are obtained as shown. Projectors, or visual rays (shown by the dotted lines in the digram), are let fall perpendicularly, as shown by the arrows, from the principal points in the object which are the ends of the lines or edges bounding it upon the VP and HP. The points on these planes where the projectors fall are each the plan, or elevation, as the case may be, of the original line end, or edge end, and these points or projections being joined by what their originals are connected with viz., straight lines give the plan and elevation required. The other objects in the diagram, whose projections are numbered 2, 2 ; 3, 3 ; 4, 4, are all prismatic in form, and represent a carpenter's