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inking-point to bear fairly upon it. Dividers, which are not necessary to the student for some time forward in his study, should have legs of equal length, but without joints, as in Fig. 8, their lower parts being made of steel of triangular section to within f in. of the ends, which should be gradually worked off into nicely-rounded points, as shown. This latter feature is one that Fig. 8 should obtain in the points of compasses, bows, etc. Triangular-pointed instruments should never be used, as their points act the part of a 10 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF rimer, cutting their way through the paper into the drawing-board, making unsightly holes, and causing them to describe anything but true circles. Fig. 9 Pen-and-yencil Bows are compasses intended for putting in smaller- circles and circular arcs. Single- jointed ones, such as are shown in Fig. 9, will serve all the present wants of the student, if well made. The socket in the pencil-bow should be tubular, and of a size to take leads, and not lead-pencils. As these two instruments will be much oftener used than any other, it is advisable that the student should supply him- self with the best to be afforded, as they will amply repay any present outlay. What are known as " half sets," shown in Fig. 10, are now specially made by drawing-instrument makers, for the use of students. They comprise compasses, lengthening bar, pen and pencil point, and knife key, and are a very serviceable outfit if well made.